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A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. See more conditions. Products and services. Diuretics Diuretics, also called water pills, are a common treatment for high blood pressure.
By Mayo Clinic Staff. Thank you for Subscribing Our Housecall e-newsletter will keep you up-to-date on the latest health information. Please try again. Something went wrong on our side, please try again. Show references Types of blood pressure medications. American Heart Association. Accessed July 12, Mann JFE. Choice of drug therapy in primary essential hypertension. Accessed June 25, Cifu AS, et al. Prevention, detection, evaluation and management of high blood pressure in adults. Brater DC, et al.
Mechanism of action of diuretics. Drug record: Diuretics. Usually the first line of treatment for hypertension, thiazide diuretics can be used alone or with other drugs for hypertension. Two types of thiazide diuretics are metolazone and hydrochlorothiazide. Thiazide-like diuretics — which act like thiazide but may cost less — are also very popular. One of the most commonly prescribed thiazide-like diuretics is chlorthalidone. Studies show that it may be the best diuretic to control blood pressure and prevent death.
Indapamide is another thiazide-like diuretic. Although not typically prescribed as the first line of defense for hypertension, loop diuretics are approved for treating high blood pressure, edema associated with congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and renal disease. A few loop diuretics include furosemide Lasix , ethacrynic acid Edecrin , and torsemide Demadex. Potassium-sparing diuretics encourage the body to get rid of fluids and sodium. However, they do this without causing a loss of potassium , which is a vital nutrient.
Examples of potassium-sparing diuretics include triamterene Dyrenium , eplerenone Inspra , and spironolactone Aldactone. Each of the three types of diuretic medication increases the amount of sodium you excrete through urination, but they affect different areas of your kidneys. Your kidneys are the filters through which toxins and excess fluids are flushed from your body. When you take a diuretic medication, the drug signals to your kidneys that you need to get rid of more sodium.
Water binds to the sodium and is then removed during urination, leaving you with a lower blood volume. The reduction in blood volume slows the rate at which blood flows through your blood vessels, helping to decrease your blood pressure. Thiazide and loop diuretics may also cause you to lose potassium in addition to water and sodium. Potassium is an important mineral that maintains healthy fluid levels and regulates heart and muscle function. Your doctor may advise you to take a potassium supplement or to eat foods rich in the nutrient to combat low potassium levels.
Potassium-rich foods include:. While thiazide diuretics are the primary treatment method for people who have hypertension-related heart disease, your doctor will tailor your drug regimen to your specific health concerns.
Your specific medication may contain more than one type of diuretic agent in a single pill or dose. The most common side effect of diuretics is increased urination. Your doctor may run blood tests to measure your levels throughout treatment. Side effects are likely to decrease over time. Make sure to notify your doctor if you experience uncomfortable or prolonged side effects while taking a diuretic.
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