Mortality rates for people with diastolic heart failure are lower compared to people who have systolic heart failure. One trial showed that mortality rate increased proportionally with the decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction. Type 2 diabetes is considered an independent risk factor and increases morbidity and mortality rates of people with CHF. People with diabetes were more likely to have hypertension, dyslipidemia, peripheral vascular disease, and a previous heart attack.
Those with undiagnosed diabetes were likely to have comorbidities similar to those in people without diabetes. However, individuals with diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes had more hospital stays due to acute heart failure in the prior year, with no differences in left ventricular ejection fraction. Patients with undiagnosed diabetes were 1. Patients with undiagnosed diabetes showed a lower cardiovascular risk profile compared with people with diabetes, but mortality rates were similar between the two groups.
Heart failure relapses that require hospitalization often indicate a bad outcome. These symptomatic relapses also point to progression of the condition.
The 30 days after initial hospitalization are viewed as a high-risk period and require intensive follow-up and monitoring. The first step is to become familiar with any family history of heart disease and learn about all the possible symptoms. Don't ignore suspicious symptoms: let your healthcare provider know about them. Regular exercise and managing concurrent conditions can also help keep CHF under control. People who are diagnosed with heart disease have no reduced mortality risk linked to weight loss, but ongoing and sustained physical activity are associated with considerable risk reduction.
Another study examined patients with diabetes who were hospitalized for heart failure. The inverse relationship between obesity and reduced mortality rate may be explained by the age of the obese patients, who were younger than the normal-weight or underweight patients in the study. By employing healthy lifestyle choices such as exercise, eating a better diet, and other behavior interventions, both weight loss and lowering hemoglobin A1C can be reached.
Medication to manage weight may improve glycemic and metabolic control in both people with diabetes and obese patients, and, when deemed appropriate, bariatric surgery may be an option for obese and diabetic patients. Before you begin any sort of weight-loss program, consult with your cardiologist and diabetes management team first. Diabetes is associated with the risk of developing heart failure.
Consequently, people with diabetes and heart failure are treated and managed by cardiologists. To reduce the risk of death, continued blood glucose control is also key.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme or ACE inhibitors are often used as an adjunct therapy in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. ACE inhibitors have a number of benefits for these conditions and are linked with a lower mortality rate and fewer hospitalizations.
Angiotensin II receptor blockers, or ARBs, have also shown similar effectiveness in heart failure patients with and without diabetes. In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, a few medications have been shown to reduce mortality and hospitalizations. Specifically, healthcare providers may prescribe the following medications in some combination:. Furthermore, this national study did not include adults older than 74 years and could not examine race differences because of small case numbers at baseline.
Little information is available about the survival prognosis for adults with heart failure in the general US population and race differences, in particular. Black adults may be twice as likely as white adults younger than 60 years to have a first hospitalization for heart failure. Medicare beneficiaries provide one of the unique study populations with sufficient numbers of black adults to assess race differences in more long-term survival after hospitalization with heart failure.
In this study, we determined the 6-year survival prognosis for heart failure in a national cohort of Medicare enrollees who were hospitalized and discharged with heart failure for the first time in We obtained all Medicare hospital claims records for to and beneficiary enrollment data for to from the Health Care Financing Administration.
Hospital claims included admission and discharge dates, race, sex, age, state or foreign country of residence, and 5 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification ICDCM 22 codes for disease diagnoses.
Enrollment files contained records for each person eligible for Medicare benefits and included Medicare eligibility status, Medicaid eligibility status, health maintenance organization enrollment status, and date of death for a beneficiary who died during the year listed in the file or through March of the following year. More than 1. This information was available only for patients 67 years or older.
Median survival was similar for patients with either a first-listed diagnosis or other-listed diagnosis of heart failure 21 vs 22 months, respectively. Thus, the study cohort consisted of , patients 67 years or older who were admitted and discharged with a principal diagnosis of heart failure during Survival time was defined as number of months between date of admission for the first hospitalization for heart failure and the date of death, or December 31, , for eligible survivors, or the last day of the month that Medicare eligibility ceased.
Survival time ranged from 2 days after discharge to Among the heart failure cohort, Because there was no evidence that the proportionality assumption was violated by any variable of interest, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses 23 were performed to assess the association of selected characteristics with months of survival.
Black patients with heart failure were slightly younger than white patients at discharge Table 1. Women were more likely than men to be 85 years or older. We assessed Medicaid eligibility as a potential surrogate for socioeconomic status that might affect survival.
Black patients were 3 times more likely to be eligible for Medicaid than were white patients. Women were twice as likely to be eligible for Medicaid than were men. Median hospital stay for heart failure in was 6 to 7 days Table 1. Diabetes, hypertension, and IHD were often reported as comorbid conditions during the initial hospitalization for heart failure Table 1.
Prevalence of diabetes was highest among black women. Hypertension was the most common comorbid condition among black patients; the prevalence was almost twice that in white patients. In contrast, IHD was the most common cormorbid condition among white patients with heart failure. There was very little overlap of hypertension and IHD. Compared with white patients with heart failure, black patients had lower mortality during follow-up, higher median months of survival, and slightly higher survival during each year of follow-up Table 2.
Men had lower probabilities of survival than did women. The probability of survival decreased in successive age groups among men Figure 1 and women Figure 2. Median survival for black men in age groups 67 to 74, 75 to 84, and 85 years or older was 2. White men had lower median survival for these age groups: 2. There was little difference in survival probabilities between black women and white women in any age group Figure 2.
Median survival among women was 3. Differences in the unadjusted 6-year survival probability and the risk of dying during follow-up after adjustment for age and sex differences were assessed for groups defined by selected characteristics Table 3. Doctors will sometimes recommend surgery. It is crucial that a person with CHF work directly with a doctor or medical team to make an individualized treatment plan and have the best possible outlook. A congenital heart defect is a type of congenital heart disease.
It is a structural difference present from birth. Learn more here. Systolic congestive heart failure makes it difficult for the heart to pump blood through the body. Tachycardia is a fast resting heart rate. It can increase the risks of stroke and cardiac arrest. Learn how to spot it and which treatments are…. Pulmonary edema occurs when fluid collects in air sacs of the lungs, making it difficult to breathe.
It can develop suddenly or gradually, and it is…. Blood pressure can be managed through apps that can track and monitor your levels and reduce your risk factors for developing high blood pressure. Congestive heart failure: Life expectancy and stages. Medically reviewed by Dr. Payal Kohli, M. Life expectancy Symptoms and stages Treatment Lifestyle changes Summary Congestive heart failure is a chronic, progressive condition that affects heart function.
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And how can you prevent it? Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. There are a number of factors that may make heart failure more likely, despite your age. Whether you think you have some risk factors or just want to stay as healthy as possible as you age, here are key steps you can take toward prevention, Dr.
Joyce says. Know your family history — Having two or more relatives who die of heart disease increases your risk, Dr.
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