Ectopic pregnancy In a healthy pregnancy, the fertilized egg attaches itself to the lining of the uterus. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Cunningham FG, et al. Implantation and placental development. In: Williams Obstetrics. McGraw-Hill Education; Accessed Dec.
Tulandi T. Ectopic pregnancy: Epidemiology, risk factors, and anatomic sites. Cunningham FG, et al. Ectopic pregnancy. Frequently asked questions. Pregnancy FAQ American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Ectopic pregnancy: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis. Burnett TL expert opinion. Fertility treatment: There is a chance of ectopic pregnancy resulting from embryo transfer during IVF treatment as embryos can travel into the Fallopian tube, for example, during the implantation stage.
The more embryos that are transferred, the higher the risk. Older age: There is an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy for older women. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: This is a past infection of the Fallopian tubes caused, for example, by a sexually transmitted infection like chlamydia trachomatis.
Tubal surgery: An operation on the Fallopian tubes, such as sterilisation. Endometriosis: This is a condition where cells like the ones lining the womb grow elsewhere in the body but still react to the menstrual cycle each month and bleed despite there being no way for the blood to leave the body. It is not known why endometriosis increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
Abdominal surgery: Any previous operation on the tummy, such as caesarean section or appendicectomy. Intrauterine Device IUD : Intrauterine devices coil prevent pregnancy in the womb but is less effective in preventing pregnancy in a Fallopian tube.
Emergency contraception: It is possible to become pregnant in the same cycle after trying to prevent pregnancy with emergency oral contraception. The protein is instrumental in helping pregnancies implant in the womb, but when present in the Fallopian tubes can hinder the progress of a fertilised egg, increasing the chances of a pregnancy being ectopic. It is important to remember that the ectopic pregnancy was not your fault and that there was nothing you could have done to prevent it from happening.
If you need help during this difficult time, feel free to contact us. The following commonly asked reasons are NOT causes of ectopic pregnancy: Ectopic pregnancy is not hereditary: i.
You are no more at risk of an ectopic pregnancy than anyone else, even if your immediate family members suffered. Miscarriage is not related to ectopic pregnancy: Unfortunately, miscarriage is a very common event that occurs in one in five first trimester first 12 weeks pregnancies but there is no link between the two conditions.
See these tips for managing methotrexate treatmentto minimize these side effects. If you experience an ectopic pregnancy loss, no matter how early in a pregnancy, expect that you and your partner will need time to grieve. It is also possible to develop depression from the hormonal changes after a pregnancy loss. If you have symptoms of depression that last for more than a couple of weeks, be sure to call your doctor or a psychologist, clinical social worker, or licensed mental health counselor.
You can contact a support group, read about the experiences of other women, and talk to friends, a counselor, or a member of the clergy. These things may help you and your family deal with a pregnancy loss.
If you have had an ectopic pregnancy, you may worry about your chances of having a healthy or ectopic pregnancy in the future. Your risk factors and any fallopian tube damage you may have will impact your future risk and your ability to become pregnant.
Your doctor can answer your questions based on your risk factors. Medicine can only be used for early ectopic pregnancies that have not ruptured. Depending on where the ectopic growth is and what type of surgery would otherwise be used, medicine may be less likely than surgical treatment to cause fallopian tube damage. For an ectopic pregnancy that is more developed, surgery is a safer and more dependable treatment. Methotrexate is used to stop the growth of an early ectopic pregnancy.
It can also be used after surgical ectopic treatment to ensure that all ectopic cell growth has stopped. Methotrexate treatment is usually the first choice for ending an early ectopic pregnancy. If the pregnancy is further along, surgery is safer and more likely than medicine to be effective. Methotrexate can cause unpleasant side effects, such as nausea, indigestion, and diarrhea. For information about how to minimize side effects, see these tips for managing methotrexate treatment.
If your ectopic pregnancy is not too far advanced and has not ruptured, methotrexate may be a treatment option for you. Successful methotrexate treatment of an early ectopic pregnancy avoids the risks of surgery, may be less likely to damage the fallopian tube than surgery, and is more likely to preserve your fertility. If you are not concerned with preserving fertility, surgery for an ectopic pregnancy is faster than methotrexate treatment and will likely cause less bleeding.
Surgery may be your only treatment option if you have internal bleeding. When possible, surgery is done through a small incision using laparoscopy. This type of surgery usually has a short recovery period. An ectopic pregnancy can be removed from a fallopian tube by using salpingostomy or salpingectomy. Both salpingostomy and salpingectomy can be done either through a small incision using laparoscopy or through a larger open abdominal incision laparotomy.
Laparoscopy takes less time than laparotomy. And the hospital stay is shorter. But for an abdominal ectopic pregnancy or an emergency tubal ectopic removal, a laparotomy is usually required.
When an ectopic pregnancy is located in an unruptured fallopian tube, every attempt is made to remove the pregnancy without removing or damaging the tube. Your future fertility and your risk of having another ectopic pregnancy will be affected by your own risk factors. These can include smoking, use of assisted reproductive technology ART to get pregnant, and how much fallopian tube damage you have.
As long as you have one healthy fallopian tube, salpingostomy small tubal slit and salpingectomy part of a tube removed have about the same effect on your future fertility.
But if your other tube is damaged, your doctor may try to do a salpingostomy. This may improve your chances of getting pregnant in the future. Author: Healthwise Staff. This information does not replace the advice of a doctor.
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Updated visitor guidelines. You are here Home » Ectopic Pregnancy. Top of the page. Topic Overview What is an ectopic pregnancy?
What causes an ectopic pregnancy? Things that make you more likely to have fallopian tube damage and an ectopic pregnancy include: Smoking. The more you smoke, the higher your risk of an ectopic pregnancy. Pelvic inflammatory disease PID. This is often the result of an infection such as chlamydia or gonorrhea. Endometriosis , which can cause scar tissue in or around the fallopian tubes.
Being exposed to the chemical DES before you were born. Some medical treatments can increase your risk of ectopic pregnancy. These include: Surgery on the fallopian tubes or in the pelvic area.
Fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization. What are the symptoms? The key signs of an ectopic pregnancy are: Pelvic or belly pain. It may be sharp on one side at first and then spread through your belly. It may be worse when you move or strain. Vaginal bleeding. If you think you are pregnant and you have these symptoms, see your doctor right away.
How is an ectopic pregnancy diagnosed? To find out if you have an ectopic pregnancy, your doctor will likely do: A pelvic exam to check the size of your uterus and feel for growths or tenderness in your belly. A blood test that checks the level of the pregnancy hormone hCG. This test is repeated 2 days later. During early pregnancy, the level of this hormone doubles every 2 days. Low levels suggest a problem, such as ectopic pregnancy. An ultrasound.
This test can show pictures of what is inside your belly. With ultrasound, a doctor can usually see a pregnancy in the uterus 6 weeks after your last menstrual period.
How is it treated? What can you expect after an ectopic pregnancy? But it does mean that: You may have trouble getting pregnant. You are more likely to have another ectopic pregnancy. Cause Fallopian tube damage is a common cause of ectopic pregnancy. Common causes of fallopian tube damage that may lead to an ectopic pregnancy include: Smoking. Smoking is thought to damage the fallopian tubes' ability to move the fertilized egg toward the uterus. Pelvic inflammatory disease PID , such as from a chlamydia or gonorrhea infection.
PID can create scar tissue in the fallopian tubes. Fallopian tube surgery, often used to reverse a tubal ligation or to repair a scarred or blocked tube. A previous ectopic pregnancy in a fallopian tube.
Symptoms An early ectopic pregnancy often feels like a normal pregnancy. A woman with an ectopic pregnancy may experience common signs of early pregnancy, such as: A missed menstrual period.
Tender breasts. Increased urination. First signs of an ectopic pregnancy may include: Vaginal bleeding, which may be light. Abdominal belly pain or pelvic pain, usually 6 to 8 weeks after a missed period. As an ectopic pregnancy progresses, though, other symptoms may develop, including: Belly pain or pelvic pain that may get worse with movement or straining.
It may occur sharply on one side at first and then spread throughout the pelvic region. Heavy or severe vaginal bleeding.
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